Frequently Asked Questions

What are the Symptoms of ADHD?

The symptoms of ADHD vary depending on age and type, but they mainly fall into two categories:

—

1. Inattention Symptoms

Trouble paying close attention to details / makes careless mistakes

Difficulty staying focused in tasks, conversations, or play

Seems not to listen when spoken to directly

Often does not follow through on instructions or finish work

Struggles with organization (messy, poor time management)

Avoids tasks that require sustained mental effort (like homework or reports)

Frequently loses things (keys, school supplies, phone)

Easily distracted by unrelated thoughts or stimuli

Forgetful in daily activities (missing appointments, forgetting chores)

—

2. Hyperactivity & Impulsivity Symptoms

Often fidgets, taps hands/feet, or squirms in seat

Gets up from seat when expected to stay seated (like in class or meetings)

Runs or climbs in inappropriate situations (in teens/adults, may just feel restless)

Unable to play or engage quietly

Talks excessively

Blurts out answers before questions are finished

Has trouble waiting for their turn

Interrupts or intrudes on others (conversations, games, activities)

—

ADHD in Children vs. Adults

Children: More obvious hyperactivity (running, climbing, blurting, fidgeting). Teachers often notice first.

Adults: Restlessness shows as “inner” hyperactivity (racing thoughts, difficulty relaxing). They often struggle with time management, organization, work performance, relationships, and forgetfulness.

—

👉 To be diagnosed, symptoms must:

Last for at least 6 months

Be inappropriate for age level

Occur in two or more settings (e.g., home + school/work)

Cause real difficulties in social, academic, or work life….

🔹 Helpful ADHD Activities & How to Do Them

1. Physical Activities (to release energy & improve focus)

Aerobic exercise – running, cycling, dancing, skipping rope → do for 20–30 mins daily.

Yoga or stretching – improves calmness and self-control. Try simple poses like Child’s Pose, Tree Pose.

Martial arts / swimming – builds discipline and concentration.

—

2. Mindfulness & Relaxation

Deep breathing – inhale for 4 sec, hold 2 sec, exhale for 6 sec. Repeat 5–10 times.

Mindful coloring or drawing – focus on colors and patterns. Helps reduce racing thoughts.

Meditation with music – short 5–10 min sessions to train focus.

—

3. Brain Training & Focus Games

Puzzles, Sudoku, Chess – improves problem-solving and attention span.

Memory games (cards, matching pairs) – strengthens working memory.

“Stop & Think” game – practice pausing before answering or acting (good for impulsivity).

—

4. Organizational Activities

To-do lists with checkboxes – write tasks, tick them off. Use colorful sticky notes or apps.

Timers / Pomodoro technique – set 25 min focus + 5 min break. Repeat 3–4 times.

Sorting activities – organize toys, clothes, or files into categories (teaches structure).

—

5. Social & Emotional Activities

Role-playing – practice waiting your turn, listening without interrupting.

Gratitude journaling – write 3 good things each day. Builds positivity.

Storytelling games – each person adds a sentence → improves listening and patience.

—

✅ Tip: Make activities fun, short, and engaging. ADHD brains like novelty, so rotate activities often…

Mental retardation (now more commonly called Intellectual Disability) is a condition characterized by:

1. Below-average intellectual functioning – typically measured by an IQ score of less than 70.

2. Limitations in adaptive behavior – difficulties in everyday life skills such as communication, self-care, social skills, and decision-making.

3. Onset during the developmental period – the condition begins before the age of 18.

Levels of Intellectual Disability

Mild (IQ 50–70): Can learn basic academic skills, live somewhat independently with minimal support.

Moderate (IQ 35–49): Can learn simple communication and self-care skills, but need more assistance.

Severe (IQ 20–34): Limited ability to communicate, require close supervision and support.

Profound (IQ <20): Significant developmental delays, require full-time care.

Causes

Genetic conditions (e.g., Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome).

Problems during pregnancy (e.g., infections, malnutrition, drug/alcohol exposure).

Problems at birth (e.g., oxygen deprivation, premature birth).

Illnesses or injuries in childhood (e.g., meningitis, head injury, malnutrition).

Support & Management

Special education programs.

Speech, occupational, and physical therapy.

Social and emotional support.

Creating a supportive, inclusive environment…..

The symptoms of mental retardation (intellectual disability) depend on its severity, but generally include difficulties with thinking, learning, and everyday functioning.

—

🔹 Common Symptoms

1. Delayed Development

Sitting, crawling, walking, or talking later than other children.

2. Learning Difficulties

Trouble understanding new concepts.

Difficulty with reading, writing, or math.

3. Poor Memory

Struggles to remember things or follow multi-step instructions.

4. Difficulty with Problem-Solving

Trouble understanding cause-and-effect relationships.

Cannot plan ahead.

5. Impaired Social Skills

Difficulty making friends or understanding social rules.

May act younger than their actual age.

6. Communication Problems

Trouble speaking clearly or expressing thoughts.

Limited vocabulary.

7. Self-Care Challenges

Difficulty dressing, eating, bathing, or toileting without help.

8. Behavioral Signs

Short attention span.

Frustration or tantrums when tasks feel too hard.

—

🔹 Symptoms by Severity

Mild: Can learn basic academic and self-care skills, but may need extra help in school.

Moderate: Learns simple communication and daily living skills but needs support.

Severe/Profound: Significant limitations; may require lifelong care and support…..

For people with mental retardation (intellectual disability), activities should be simple, structured, and supportive. The goal is to improve learning, daily living, social, and motor skills while keeping the person engaged and happy.

—

🔹 How to Do Activities for Intellectual Disability

1. Daily Living Skills Training

Practice self-care: brushing teeth, washing hands, dressing.

Break tasks into small steps and use visual aids (pictures, charts).

Use positive reinforcement (praise, rewards) for progress.

—

2. Educational Activities

Use simple puzzles, flashcards, and picture books.

Teach numbers, colors, and shapes with toys and real objects.

Repeat learning often – consistency builds memory.

—

3. Motor Skill Activities

Fine motor: coloring, threading beads, clay modeling.

Gross motor: ball games, dancing, running, simple exercises.

—

4. Communication Activities

Encourage talking, singing, or storytelling.

Use role play to practice greetings, conversations.

For those with speech difficulties: use picture boards or gestures.

—

5. Social Activities

Play group games (passing the ball, simple board games).

Teach sharing, waiting, and turn-taking.

Encourage outings (parks, markets) to practice social interaction.

—

6. Creative & Fun Activities

Drawing, painting, or music for expression.

Gardening – watering plants, picking leaves.

Cooking simple foods (stirring, mixing, making sandwiches).

—

🔹 Tips for Doing Activities

✅ Keep instructions short and clear.
✅ Repeat tasks daily for habit-building.
✅ Celebrate small successes.
✅ Be patient and encouraging.
✅ Adjust activities based on the person’s ability level…..

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition that happens when a person is born with an extra copy of chromosome 21 (called trisomy 21). Normally, people have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), but individuals with Down Syndrome have 47 chromosomes.

Because of this extra chromosome, the body and brain develop differently, leading to certain physical traits, health issues, and intellectual disabilities.

Common Features of Down Syndrome:

Distinct facial appearance (flat facial profile, upward slanting eyes, small nose, short neck, small ears)

Low muscle tone (hypotonia)

Short stature

Delayed growth and development

Mild to moderate intellectual disability (learning and developmental delays)

Health Issues Often Associated:

Heart defects (in some children)

Hearing and vision problems

Thyroid conditions

Higher risk of infections

Abilities:

Children and adults with Down Syndrome can learn, go to school, work, and lead fulfilling lives with the right support.

Early therapies (speech, occupational, and physical) help improve skills……

Down Syndrome symptoms are actually characteristic features and developmental signs that appear in childhood and may continue into adulthood. They vary from person to person—some people may have many, while others only a few.

Physical Features (seen at birth or in early childhood):

Flattened facial profile and small nose

Upward slanting eyes, sometimes with a skin fold at the inner corner (epicanthal fold)

Small ears

Short neck with extra skin at the back

A single deep crease across the palm of the hand (simian crease)

Short hands and feet, with small fingers and toes

Poor muscle tone (hypotonia) and loose joints

Shorter-than-average height

Developmental and Intellectual Symptoms:

Slower learning and speech development

Delay in walking, sitting, or crawling compared to other children

Mild to moderate intellectual disability (difficulty in understanding complex ideas)

Short attention span and slower memory recall

Health-Related Symptoms (may or may not be present):

Heart defects (common in about 40–50% of babies with Down Syndrome)

Hearing problems

Vision issues (like crossed eyes, cataracts)

Frequent ear and respiratory infections

Thyroid problems

Sleep apnea

💡 Important to note:
Not all children with Down Syndrome will have every symptom. With proper medical care, therapies, and family support, many grow up to lead active, happy lives……

🔷️ For children or adults with Down Syndrome, activities focus on developing motor skills, communication, social skills, and independence. These activities are usually adapted to the individual’s abilities and are often done with guidance from parents, teachers, or therapists.

Here’s a clear breakdown:

—

1. Physical Activities (Gross Motor Skills)

Goal: Improve strength, coordination, balance, and flexibility.

Examples & How to Do:

Walking, running, or dancing: Encourage daily movement. Start with short distances or simple dance steps.

Jumping or hopping: Use a small trampoline or hopscotch game. Start slowly to maintain balance.

Ball games: Rolling, catching, or kicking a soft ball. Helps hand-eye coordination.

Swimming: Excellent for building muscle tone and confidence in movement.

—

2. Fine Motor Activities

Goal: Develop hand-eye coordination, finger strength, and dexterity.

Examples & How to Do:

Drawing, coloring, and painting: Start with simple shapes, then letters or numbers.

Building blocks or puzzles: Encourage problem-solving and coordination.

Beading or stringing activities: Helps with hand control and patience.

Using utensils in daily life: Practice buttoning shirts, tying shoelaces, or using forks/spoons.

—

3. Speech and Communication Activities

Goal: Improve language, speech clarity, and social interaction.

Examples & How to Do:

Reading aloud together: Simple storybooks with pictures. Ask questions about the story.

Singing songs or rhymes: Helps with memory and pronunciation.

Role-playing: Pretend shopping, cooking, or talking on the phone. Encourages conversational skills.

Using communication tools: Picture cards, sign language, or speech apps for children with speech delays.

—

4. Cognitive & Learning Activities

Goal: Improve thinking, problem-solving, and memory skills.

Examples & How to Do:

Matching games: Match colors, shapes, or objects.

Sorting and counting activities: Sort toys by size, color, or type. Count objects during play.

Simple board games: Games like “Snakes and Ladders” teach turn-taking and counting.

Memory games: Use picture cards or objects to improve recall.

—

5. Daily Living / Independence Activities

Goal: Help children and adults do tasks independently.

Examples & How to Do:

Dressing and grooming: Practice wearing clothes, brushing teeth, combing hair.

Cooking simple meals: Stirring, pouring, or assembling ingredients.

Tidying up: Encourage putting toys away or organizing personal space.

Money handling: Using coins or small transactions in real life or play.

—

Tips for Doing Activities:

1. Keep it simple: Break tasks into small, easy steps.

2. Be consistent: Short, daily practice is more effective than long sessions.

3. Use positive reinforcement: Praise every attempt, not just success.

4. Make it fun: Use games, music, and colorful materials to keep interest.

5. Adapt to abilities: Modify activities to the child’s skill level; avoid frustration….

Autism IQ Level Chart And Assessment Report Name ?

When it comes to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), IQ levels can vary widely. There isn’t a single “autism IQ chart,” but psychologists often assess cognitive abilities using standardized intelligence tests, and then report IQ scores along with developmental assessments. Here’s a detailed explanation:

—

IQ Levels in Autism

Autism itself does not determine IQ—some individuals have below-average IQ, some average, and others above-average or even gifted. Studies show roughly:

About 30–40% of autistic individuals have intellectual disability (IQ < 70).

About 40–50% have average IQ (IQ 70–115).

About 10–20% may have above-average IQ or are gifted (IQ > 115).

So the IQ range in autism can be:

IQ Range Description Approx. Prevalence in ASD

< 70 Intellectual disability 30–40%
70–84 Below average 10–15%
85–115 Average 40–50%
116–129 Above average 10–15%
≥ 130 Gifted ~5%

—

Common IQ Assessment Tools for Autism

IQ assessment in autism is often done along with adaptive behavior evaluation because some individuals may perform differently in structured tests versus real-life skills. Common tests include:

1. Wechsler Intelligence Scales

WISC-V (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 5th Edition) – children aged 6–16

WAIS-IV (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) – adults

Provides Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) and subscale scores (verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, processing speed)

2. Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales

Measures fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

3. Leiter International Performance Scale

Non-verbal IQ test for children and adults with speech or language difficulties.

4. Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Non-verbal reasoning test, often used for children with communication challenges.

5. Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS)

Not an IQ test, but measures daily living skills, communication, socialization, and motor skills, often used alongside IQ tests in autism assessment.

—

Assessment Report Name

When a psychologist assesses someone for autism and cognitive abilities, the report usually includes:

Personal details (name, age, reason for referral)

Diagnostic evaluation for autism (ADOS-2, ADI-R, DSM-5 criteria)

IQ test results (Full-scale IQ, verbal, performance, non-verbal scores)

Adaptive behavior assessment (Vineland scores)

Recommendations for therapy, education, and support

The report is typically titled:
“Psychological Assessment Report” or “Autism and Cognitive Assessment Report”…….